pyenv

管理不同版本的 Python 开发环境

安装

mac安装

brew install pyenv

linux安装

yum install pyenv

使用

➜  virtualenv pyenv -h
Usage: pyenv <command> [<args>]

Some useful pyenv commands are:
   commands    List all available pyenv commands
   local       Set or show the local application-specific Python version
   global      Set or show the global Python version
   shell       Set or show the shell-specific Python version
   install     Install a Python version using python-build
   uninstall   Uninstall a specific Python version
   rehash      Rehash pyenv shims (run this after installing executables)
   version     Show the current Python version and its origin
   versions    List all Python versions available to pyenv
   which       Display the full path to an executable
   whence      List all Python versions that contain the given executable

See `pyenv help <command>' for information on a specific command.
For full documentation, see: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#readme

添加环境变量

需要将以下环境变量添加到对应的文件中

zsh 是 ~/.zshrc，bash 是 ~/.bashrc

export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"

查看可用版本

➜  virtualenv pyenv install --list | grep '3.6.[1-9]'
  3.6.1
  3.6.2
  3.6.3

安装指定版本

➜  virtualenv pyenv install 3.6.3
Downloading Python-3.6.3.tar.xz...
-> https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.3/Python-3.6.3.tar.xz
Installing Python-3.6.3...
Installed Python-3.6.3 to /Users/zhujipeng/.pyenv/versions/3.6.3

➜  virtualenv pyenv versions
* system (set by /Users/zhujipeng/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.3

切换指定版本

➜  virtualenv pyenv global 3.6.3
➜  virtualenv python -V
Python 3.6.3
➜  virtualenv pyenv global system
➜  virtualenv python -V
Python 2.7.10

virtualenv

创建独立系统的的 Python 开发环境

安装

在线安装

pip install virtualenv

离线安装

pip install virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

virtualenv-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl 需要更换为实际的wheel安装包

使用

➜  virtualenv virtualenv -h
Usage: virtualenv [OPTIONS] DEST_DIR

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose         Increase verbosity.
  -q, --quiet           Decrease verbosity.
  -p PYTHON_EXE, --python=PYTHON_EXE
                        The Python interpreter to use, e.g.,
                        --python=python2.5 will use the python2.5 interpreter
                        to create the new environment.  The default is the
                        interpreter that virtualenv was installed with
                        (/usr/local/opt/python/bin/python2.7)
  --clear               Clear out the non-root install and start from scratch.
  --no-site-packages    DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        Not having access to global site-packages is now the
                        default behavior.
  --system-site-packages
                        Give the virtual environment access to the global
                        site-packages.
  --always-copy         Always copy files rather than symlinking.
  --unzip-setuptools    Unzip Setuptools when installing it.
  --relocatable         Make an EXISTING virtualenv environment relocatable.
                        This fixes up scripts and makes all .pth files
                        relative.
  --no-setuptools       Do not install setuptools in the new virtualenv.
  --no-pip              Do not install pip in the new virtualenv.
  --no-wheel            Do not install wheel in the new virtualenv.
  --extra-search-dir=DIR
                        Directory to look for setuptools/pip distributions in.
                        This option can be used multiple times.
  --download            Download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
  --no-download, --never-download
                        Do not download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
  --prompt=PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
                        environment.
  --setuptools          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        This option has no effect.
  --distribute          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        This option has no effect.

使用当前python

➜  virtualenv virtualenv python27
New python executable in /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python27/bin/python2.7
Also creating executable in /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python27/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.

➜  virtualenv ls python27
bin                include            lib                pip-selfcheck.json

➜  virtualenv python27/bin/python -V
Python 2.7.13

➜  virtualenv python27/bin/pip list --format=columns
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        9.0.1
setuptools 37.0.0
wheel      0.30.0

指定python版本

➜  virtualenv virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.6 python26
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2.6
New python executable in /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/python2.6
Also creating executable in /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...done.
➜  virtualenv ls python26
bin                include            lib                pip-selfcheck.json
➜  virtualenv python26/bin/python -V
Python 2.6.9
➜  virtualenv python26/bin/pip list --format=columns
DEPRECATION: Python 2.6 is no longer supported by the Python core team, please upgrade your Python. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.6
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        9.0.1
setuptools 36.8.0
wheel      0.30.0

激活指定python

➜  virtualenv python -V
Python 2.7.11

➜  virtualenv source python27/bin/activate
(python27) ➜  virtualenv which python
/Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python27/bin/python
(python27) ➜  virtualenv python -V
Python 2.7.13
(python27) ➜  virtualenv deactivate

➜  virtualenv source python26/bin/activate
(python26) ➜  virtualenv which python
/Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/python
(python26) ➜  virtualenv python -V
Python 2.6.9
(python26) ➜  virtualenv deactivate

deactivate 退出激活状态

移植

要想生成的 Python 开发环境可以直接拷贝别的机器，需要变为可移植的

➜  virtualenv virtualenv --relocatable python26
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/easy_install relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/easy_install-2.6 relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/pip relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/pip2 relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/pip2.6 relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/python-config relative
Making script /Users/zhujipeng/Downloads/test/virtualenv/python26/bin/wheel relative

参考

Python 多版本共存之 pyenv
Python--Virtualenv简明教程
pyenv global system does not work